Niagara Falls History: Geology and the State Park
How Niagara Falls formed
The falls are part of a changing river landscape. Water flowing through the Niagara River gradually eroded rock and shaped the gorge. The park’s history guide explains the geological processes behind the scenery visible from today’s viewpoints.
Protecting the Niagara Falls riverfront
The Free Niagara movement sought to preserve public access and protect the landscape from commercial development. Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted was involved in the park vision. Visiting the public park connects the scenery with this history of conservation and access.
Official sources
Frequently Asked Questions
How did Niagara Falls form?
The falls developed as glaciers retreated, with flowing water and erosion shaping the river and gorge over time.
When was Niagara Falls State Park established?
The Niagara Reservation was established in 1885 and is now known as Niagara Falls State Park.
What was the Free Niagara movement?
It was a movement to protect the Niagara landscape and secure public access to the falls.
Where can I read Niagara Falls history from the park?
The official Niagara Falls State Park history page explains the geology and the creation of the public park.